De facto From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search For other uses, see De facto (disambiguation). In law and government, de facto (/deɪ ˈfæktoʊ, di -/ day FAK-toh, dee -;[1] Latin: de facto [deː ˈfaktoː], “in fact”) describes practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws.[2][3][4] It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with de jure (“by ..
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Puppet state Part of the Politics series Basic forms of government Power source Democracy[show] Oligarchy[show] Autocracy[show] Anarchism[show] Power ideology Monarchy vs. republic[show] Authoritarian vs. libertarian[show] Global vs. local[show] Power structure Unitary[show] Client state[show] Federalism[show] International relations[show] Politics portal v t e A puppet state, puppet régime or puppet government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.[1] Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, but ..
Prior probability From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Part of a series on Bayesian statistics Theory Admissible decision rule Bayesian efficiency Bayesian probability Probability interpretations Bayes’ theorem Bayes factor Bayesian inference Bayesian network Prior Posterior Likelihood Conjugate prior Posterior predictive Hyperparameter Hyperprior Principle of indifference Principle of maximum entropy Empirical Bayes ..
De jure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with du jour. Look up de jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -/ day JOOR-ee, dee -; Latin: dē iūre pronounced [deː ˈjuːrɛ], “by law”) describes practices that are legally recognised, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.[1] In contrast, de facto (“in fact”) describes situations that exist in ..
Abductive reasoning From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search “Abductive” redirects here. For other uses, see Abduction (disambiguation). Abductive reasoning (also called abduction,[1] abductive inference,[1] or retroduction[2]) is a form of logical inference formulated and advanced by American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce beginning in the last third of the 19th century. It starts with an observation or set of observations and then seeks ..
Suzerainty From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with souverainism or sovereignty. Suzerainty (/ˈsuːzərənti, –rɛnti/) is a relationship in which one state or other polity controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state, while allowing the tributary state to have internal autonomy.[1] Suzerainty differs from sovereignty in that the tributary state is technically independent, but enjoys only limited self-rule. ..
Inference From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search For the 1992 album by pianist Marilyn Crispell and saxophonist Tim Berne, see Inference (album). For the process in statistics and machine learning, see Statistical inference. This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article ..
British Raj From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search “British Empire in India” and “Indian Empire” redirect here. For other uses, see India (disambiguation). For other Indian empires, see History of India. This article is about the rule of India by the British Crown from 1858 to 1947. For the rule of the East ..
Sample (statistics) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with Statistic. A visual representation of selecting a simple random sample[clarification needed] In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a sample is a set of individuals or objects collected or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure.[1] The elements of a sample are known as sample points, sampling units or observations.[citation needed] When ..
Covariance From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search The sign of the covariance of two random variables X and Y This article is about the degree to which random variables vary similarly. For other uses, see Covariance (disambiguation). In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables.[1] If the greater values of one variable mainly ..
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