Portuguese Ceylon

Portuguese Ceylon Ceilão Português (Portuguese) පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව (Sinhalese) போர்த்துக்கேய இலங்கை (Tamil)
1597[1]–1658
Flag Coat of arms
Portuguese Ceylon (1597-1619)   Jaffna Kingdom and area annexed Kingdom of Sitawaka in 1594-1619
Status	Colony of Portugual
Capital	Colombo
Common languages	Portuguese Sinhalese Tamil
Religion	Roman Catholicism
King of Portugal
• 1597–1598	Philip I
• 1598–1621	Philip II
• 1621–1640	Philip III
• 1640–1656	John IV
• 1656–1658	Afonso VI
Captain-Generals
• 1597–1614	Jerónimo de Azevedo
• 1656–1658	António de Amaral de Meneses
Historical era	Colonialism
• Portuguese arrival	1505
• Death of Dharmapala of Kotte	27 May 1597[1]
• Luso–Kandyan Treaty	1633
• Surrender of Jaffna	June 1658
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Kotte Kingdom of Jaffna Dutch Ceylon

Portuguese Ceylon (Portuguese: Ceilão Português, Sinhala: පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව Puruthugisi Lankawa, Tamil: போர்த்துக்கேய இலங்கை Porthukeya Ilankai) is the name given to the territory on Ceylon, modern-day Sri-Lanka, controlled by the Portuguese Empire between 1597 and 1658.

Portuguese presence in the island lasted from 1505 to 1658. Their arrival was largely accidental, and the Portuguese sought control of commerce, rather than territory. The Portuguese were later drawn into the internal politics of the island with the political upheaval of the Wijayaba Kollaya, and used these internal divisions to their advantage during the Sinhalese–Portuguese War, first in an attempt to control the production of valuable cinnamon and later of the entire island. Direct Portuguese rule did not begin until after the death of Dharmapala of Kotte, who died without an heir, and had bequeathed the Kingdom of Kotte to the Portuguese monarch in 1580.^[2] That allowed the Portuguese sufficient claim to the Kingdom of Kotte upon Dharmapala’s death in 1597. Portuguese rule began with much resistance by the local population.^[3]

Eventually, the Kingdom of Kandy sought help from the Dutch East India Company, with whom they initially entered into agreement. After the collapse of the Iberian economy in 1627, the Dutch–Portuguese War saw the Dutch conquest of most of Portugal’s Asian colonies – Ceylon included, between 1638 and 1658. Nevertheless, elements of Portuguese culture from this colonial period remain in Sri Lanka.

Part of a series on the
History of Kandy
Kingdom of Kandy (1469–1815)
Founding Sinhalese–Portuguese War Kandyan Treaty of 1638 Portuguese Ceylon Treaty of Batticaloa Kandyan Wars
Colonial Kandy (1815–1948)
Kandyan Convention Matale rebellion South East Asia Command
Kandy (1948–present)
Modern Kandy
See also
An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon List of Kandyan monarchs History of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka portal
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History[edit]

Arrival and establishment of the Portuguese (1505-1543)[edit]

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The first contact between Sri Lanka and the Portuguese was established by Dom Lourenço de Almeida in 1505–6. It was largely accidental and it wasn’t until 12 years later that the Portuguese sought to establish a fortified trading settlement.^[4]

The Kingdom of Kotte as a Portuguese vassal (1543-1597)[edit]

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Annexation of Kotte and war with Kandy (1597)[edit]

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Direct Portuguese rule began after the death of Dharmapala of Kotte who bequeathed the Kingdom of Kotte to the Portuguese monarch.^[5] By 1600 the Portuguese had consolidated the main centers of rebellion, the Kelani and Kalu ganga basins, leaving the border regions to Sinhalese resistance.^[6]

Conquest of Jaffna (1619)[edit]

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Dutch conquest (1638-1658)[edit]

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Administration[edit]

Administrative structure[edit]

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Administrative divisions[edit]

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Taxation[edit]

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Military[edit]

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Demographics and ethnicities[edit]

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Economy[edit]

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Legacy[edit]

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Food

There are many foods of Portuguese influence that are still popular in Sri Lanka. For example, lingus and pastries.

Language

Sinhala words for certain types of Western attire/ furniture/ food & drink are derived from the Portuguese. Some examples are below:

See also[edit]

• Dutch Ceylon
• British Ceylon
• Sinhalese–Portuguese War