Vint Cerf

Vint Cerf
Vint Cerf at the Royal Society admissions day in 2016
Born	Vinton Gray Cerf June 23, 1943 (age 77) New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Citizenship	American
Alma mater	Stanford University UCLA
Known for	TCP/IP Internet Society
Awards	ACM Fellow (1994) IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal (1997) National Medal of Technology (1997) Marconi Prize (1998) Prince of Asturias Award (2002) Turing Award (2004) Presidential Medal of Freedom (2005) Japan Prize (2008) Harold Pender Award (2010) Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering (2013) ForMemRS (2016)[1]
Scientific career
Fields	Telecommunications
Institutions	IBM,[2] International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad,[2][3] UCLA,[2] Stanford University,[2] DARPA,[2] MCI,[2][4] CNRI,[2] Google[5]
Thesis	Multiprocessors, Semaphores, and a Graph Model of Computation (1972)
Doctoral advisor	Gerald Estrin[6]
Website	research.google.com/pubs/author32412.html
Signature

Vinton Gray Cerf^[2] ForMemRS^[1] (/sɜːrf/; born June 23, 1943) is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of “the fathers of the Internet“, sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.^{[7][8][9][10]} He has received honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology,^[2] the Turing Award,^[11] the Presidential Medal of Freedom,^[12] the Marconi Prize and membership in the National Academy of Engineering.

Life and career[edit]

Vinton Cerf in Vilnius, September 2010

Cerf was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Muriel (née Gray) and Vinton Thurston Cerf.^[13][14] Cerf attended Van Nuys High School with Jon Postel and Steve Crocker. While in high school, Cerf worked at Rocketdyne on the Apollo program and helped write statistical analysis software for the non-destructive tests of the F-1 engines.^[15]

Cerf received a Bachelor’s in Science degree in mathematics from Stanford University.^[16] After college, Cerf worked at IBM as a systems engineer supporting QUIKTRAN for two years.^[2]

Cerf and his wife Sigrid both have hearing deficiencies; they met at a hearing aid agent’s practice in the 1960s,^[17] which led him to becoming an advocate for accessibility.

He left IBM to attend graduate school at UCLA where he earned his M.S. degree in 1970 and his PhD in 1972.^[6][18] Cerf studied under Professor Gerald Estrin and worked in Professor Leonard Kleinrock‘s data packet networking group that connected the first two nodes of the ARPANet,^[19] the first node^[19] on the Internet, and “contributed to a host-to-host protocol” for the ARPANet.^[20]

While at UCLA, Cerf met Bob Kahn, who was working on the ARPANet system architecture.^[20] Cerf wrote the first TCP protocol with Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, called Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program (RFC 675), published in December 1974.^[21]

Cerf worked as assistant professor at Stanford University from 1972-1976 where he conducted research on packet network interconnection protocols and co-designed the DoD TCP/IP protocol suite with Kahn.^[20]

Cerf playing Spacewar! on the Computer History Museum‘s PDP-1, ICANN meeting, 2007

Cerf worked at the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) from 1973 to 1982 and funded various groups to develop TCP/IP, packet radio (PRNET), packet satellite (SATNET) and packet security technology.^[22] These efforts were rooted in the needs of the military.^[23][24][25] In the late 1980s, Cerf moved to MCI where he helped develop the first commercial email system (MCI Mail) to be connected to the Internet.^[26]

Cerf is active in a number of global humanitarian organizations.^{[citation needed][27]} Cerf is also known for his sartorial style, typically appearing in a three-piece suit—a rarity in an industry known for its casual dress norms.^[28][29]

As vice president of MCI Digital Information Services from 1982 to 1986, Cerf led the engineering of MCI Mail, the first commercial email service to be connected to the Internet. In 1986, he joined Bob Kahn at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives as its vice president, working with Kahn on Digital Libraries, Knowledge Robots, and gigabit speed networks. Since 1988 Cerf lobbied for the privatization of the internet.^[30] In 1992, he and Kahn, among others, founded the Internet Society (ISOC) to provide leadership in education, policy and standards related to the Internet. Cerf served as the first president of ISOC. Cerf rejoined MCI during 1994 and served as Senior Vice President of Technology Strategy. In this role, he helped to guide corporate strategy development from a technical perspective. Previously, he served as MCI’s senior vice president of Architecture and Technology, leading a team of architects and engineers to design advanced networking frameworks, including Internet-based solutions for delivering a combination of data, information, voice and video services for business and consumer use.

During 1997, Cerf joined the Board of Trustees of Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard-of-hearing.^[31] Cerf himself is hard of hearing.^[32] He has also served on the university’s Board of Associates.^[33]

Cerf, as leader of MCI’s internet business, was criticized due to MCI’s role in providing the IP addresses used by Send-Safe.com, a vendor of spamware that uses a botnet in order to send spam. MCI refused to terminate the spamware vendor.^[34][35] At the time, Spamhaus also listed MCI as the ISP with the most Spamhaus Block List listings.^[36]

Cerf has worked for Google as a Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist since October 2005.^[5] In this function he has become well known for his predictions on how technology will affect future society, encompassing such areas as artificial intelligence, environmentalism, the advent of IPv6 and the transformation of the television industry and its delivery model.^[37]

Since 2010, Cerf has served as a Commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN body which aims to make broadband internet technologies more widely available.

Cerf helped fund and establish ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. He joined the board in 1999, and served until November 2007.^[38] He was chairman from November 2000 to his departure from the Board.

Cerf was a member of Bulgarian President Georgi Parvanov‘s IT Advisory Council (from March 2002 – January 2012). He is also a member of the Advisory Board of Eurasia Group, the political risk consultancy.^[39]

Cerf is also working on the Interplanetary Internet, together with NASA‘s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and other NASA laboratories. It will be a new standard to communicate from planet to planet, using radio/laser communications that are tolerant of signal degradations including variable delay and disruption caused, for example, by celestial motion.^[40]

On February 7, 2006, Cerf testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation‘s hearing on network neutrality. Speaking as Google’s Chief Internet Evangelist, Cerf noted that nearly half of all consumers lacked meaningful choice in broadband providers and expressed concerns that without network neutrality government regulation, broadband providers would be able to use their dominance to limit options for consumers and charge companies like Google for their use of bandwidth.^[41]

Cerf at 2007 Los Angeles ICANN meeting

Cerf currently serves on the board of advisors of Scientists and Engineers for America, an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government.^[42] He also serves on the advisory council of CRDF Global (Civilian Research and Development Foundation) and was on the International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats (IMPACT) International Advisory Board.^[43]

Cerf was elected as the president of the Association for Computing Machinery in May 2012^[44] and joined the Council on CyberSecurity’s Board of Advisors in August 2013.^[45]

From 2011 to 2016, Cerf was chairman of the board of trustees of ARIN, the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) of IP addresses for United States, Canada, and part of the Caribbean.^[46] Until Fall 2015, Cerf chaired the board of directors of StopBadware, a non-profit anti-malware organization that started as a project at Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society.^[47][48] Cerf is on the board of advisors to The Liquid Information Company Ltd of the UK, which works to make the web more usefully interactive and which has produced the Mac OS X utility called ‘Liquid’.^[49] Vint Cerf is a member of the CuriosityStream Advisory Board.^[50]

During 2008, Cerf chaired the Internationalized domain name (IDNAbis) working group of the IETF.^[51] In 2008 Cerf was a major contender to be designated the first U.S. Chief Technology Officer by President Barack Obama.^[52] Cerf is the co-chair of Campus Party Silicon Valley, the US edition of one of the largest technology festivals in the world, along with Al Gore and Tim Berners-Lee.^[53] From 2009 to 2011, Cerf was an elected member of the Governing Board of the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP). SGIP is a public-private consortium established by NIST in 2009 and provides a forum for businesses and other stakeholder groups to participate in coordinating and accelerating development of standards for the evolving Smart Grid.^[54] Cerf was elected to a two-year term as President of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) beginning July 1, 2012.^[55] In 2015 Cerf co-founded (with Mei Lin Fung), and is currently chairman of, People-Centered Internet (PCI).^[56] On January 16, 2013, U.S. President Barack Obama announced his intent to appoint Cerf to the National Science Board.^[57] Cerf served until May 2018 when his six-year term expired.

Cerf is also among the 15 members of governing council of International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad.^[58]

In June 2016, his work with NASA led to Delay-tolerant networking being installed on the International Space Station with an aim towards an Interplanetary Internet.^[59]

Since at least 2015, Cerf has been raising concerns about the wide-ranging risks of digital obsolescence, the potential of losing much historic information about our time – a digital “dark age” or “black hole” – given the ubiquitous digital storage of text, data, images, music and more. Among the concerns are the long-term storage of, and continued reliable access to, our vast stores of present-day digital data and the associated programs, operating systems, computers and peripherals required to access such.^{[60][61][62][63]}

In March 2020, Cerf confirmed that he had tested positive for COVID-19. He announced the news via a tweet in which he also criticized President Donald Trump for the way he was handling the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.^[64] On April 3, 2020, Cerf announced via Twitter that VA Public Health had certified his wife and himself as no longer contagious with the virus.^[65]

Awards and honors[edit]

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Cerf and Bob E. Kahn being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush

Cerf and Bulgarian President Parvanov being awarded the St. Cyril and Methodius in the Coat of Arms Order

Cerf has received a number of honorary degrees, including doctorates, from the University of the Balearic Islands, ETHZ in Zurich, Switzerland, Capitol College, Gettysburg College, Yale University,^[66] George Mason University, Marymount University, Bethany College (Kansas), University of Pisa, University of Rovira and Virgili (Tarragona, Spain), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,^[67] Luleå University of Technology (Sweden), University of Twente (Netherlands), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Tsinghua University (Beijing), Brooklyn Polytechnic, UPCT (University of Cartagena, Spain), Zaragoza University (Spain), University of Reading (United Kingdom), Royal Roads University (Canada), MGIMO (Moscow State University of International Relations), Buenos Aires Institute of Technology (Argentina), Polytechnic University of Madrid, Keio University (Japan), University of South Australia (Australia), University of St Andrews (Scotland), University of Pittsburgh and^[68] Gallaudet University (United States). Other awards include:

• In 2018, Vinton Cerf was awarded Catalonia’s International Award^[89]

Partial bibliography[edit]

Vint Cerf, before his talk in memory of Dr. John Niparko at the 2017 MidWinter Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology in Baltimore

Author[edit]

Co-author[edit]

Cerf writes under the column name “CERF’S UP”, and Cerf’s car has a vanity plate (registration) “CERFSUP”.^[91]

See also[edit]

• List of Internet pioneers
• List of pioneers in computer science
• Paul Baran and Donald Davies, independently invented packet-switched networks